Which of the following is considered a cardinal rule of crime scene photography?

Filling the frame is a fundamental rule in crime scene photography because it ensures that the subject of the photograph is prominent and clear, providing critical details that may be significant to the investigation. This technique enhances the composition of the image, allowing investigators and jurors to better understand the context and specifics of the scene. By filling the frame, important elements are emphasized, reducing distractions from the surrounding area and capturing vital details that could aid in crime scene reconstruction or evidence analysis.

The other choices, while they might have their place in specific photographic techniques, do not generally serve as cardinal rules in this context. Maximizing brightness is contextual and may not be appropriate for all scenes, especially those where shadows play a significant role. Close-up shots alone may miss the broader context of the scene, and using flash indiscriminately can sometimes result in harsh lighting that distorts details rather than illuminating them effectively. Therefore, filling the frame stands out as the most effective guideline for clear and informative crime scene photography.