Which of the following is a necessary factor for the commission of a crime?

For a crime to be considered committed, the presence of a victim is a necessary factor. The victim is the individual or group that is harmed or targeted by the criminal act, and their existence is essential for classifying an action as a crime. In the legal context, a crime typically involves an offense against a person, property, or society, meaning there is someone affected by the wrongful act.

While an alibi, witness, and legal defense may play roles in the context of a criminal trial or investigation, they are not elements required for a crime to occur. An alibi serves as a defense to establish that a suspect was not present during the crime, witnesses provide testimony about the crime, and legal defenses are arguments made by the accused to justify their actions or negate liability. None of these factors are necessary for the fundamental act of a crime, which fundamentally requires a victim.