What defines a limited search?

A limited search is characterized by specific, focused procedures to ensure safety and prevent harm, typically in situations where an officer believes a person may be armed or poses a threat. This includes techniques such as frisks, where an officer checks an individual's outer clothing for weapons, and protective sweeps, which involve a brief and cursory examination of areas where a potential threat could be hiding, particularly when an officer has reasonable suspicion that a person may be present.

This approach is less invasive than a full search or an investigation requiring a warrant, as it is only conducted with the intent of ensuring officer safety and not for gathering evidence. The limitations are placed on the search scope and depth, which is crucial to distinguish it from more comprehensive search methods that typically require significant justifications or legal authorization. The nature of the limited search ensures that it is quick, targeted, and based on immediate safety concerns, aligning with the principles of reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause.