What are the types of racism identified in policing?

The identification of racism in policing commonly includes the concepts of interpersonal, institutional, and structural racism.

Interpersonal racism refers to the individual attitudes and actions that manifest in discriminatory behavior towards individuals based on their race. This includes acts of prejudice or bias that occur in interactions between individuals, such as unfair treatment by officers during stops based on a person's race.

Institutional racism relates to policies and practices within organizations, including law enforcement agencies, that lead to unequal outcomes for different racial groups. This can be seen in practices like racial profiling or discrepancies in how laws are enforced among various communities.

Structural racism encompasses the broader system of relationships and inequities that are built into the fabric of society, influencing how institutions and policies interact with race. It highlights how societal factors, such as socio-economic disparities and historical injustices, create and perpetuate disparities in policing outcomes.

These three types of racism paint a comprehensive picture of how race influences policing practices and underscores the importance of addressing these issues at multiple levels to ensure equitable law enforcement.