Under what condition can an officer use the Terry doctrine to detain a person?

The Terry doctrine, derived from the Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, allows a law enforcement officer to stop and briefly detain an individual for investigative purposes if the officer has reasonable and articulable suspicion that the person is involved in criminal activity. This means that the officer must have specific, objective facts and circumstances that lead them to believe that the individual may be engaged in illegal behavior. This is not based on mere intuition or a vague hunch, but rather on observable evidence or information that can be articulated if necessary.

The requirement for reasonable, articulable suspicion ensures a balance between the need for effective law enforcement and the protection of individual rights against arbitrary stops. Officers are trained to recognize behaviors or circumstances that may justify such a detention, allowing them to investigate further without exceeding the bounds of what is lawful.

Other options fail to meet the criteria established by the Terry doctrine. For instance, a simple hunch does not provide sufficient legal basis for a detention, and consent to stop implies cooperation not required by the doctrine. Additionally, detaining someone when there is no visible indication of criminal activity does not justify the use of the Terry doctrine, which specifically calls for some level of suspicion regarding possible criminal involvement.